What should we know about the types of periodontal disease?
Periodontal disease, also referred to as periodontitis or gum disease, is a progressive condition that affects the tissues supporting the teeth and the underlying jawbone. If not treated, it can lead to tooth loss, making it the primary cause of tooth loss in adults in developed countries.
It starts when plaque toxins attack the gingival tissue, resulting in a bacterial infection that embeds itself in the gums. This leads to inflammation or irritation between the teeth and gums, potentially causing gum recession and the formation of deep pockets between the teeth. Ultimately, this can result in unstable teeth and tooth loss if left unchecked.
There are various types of periodontal disease, each requiring immediate treatment by a periodontist to prevent further deterioration and preserve gum tissue and bone. These types include:
- Gingivitis: The mildest form, caused by plaque toxins and reversible with proper home care and professional cleaning.
- Chronic Periodontal Disease: Characterized by inflammation below the gum line and progressive destruction of gingival and bone tissue, often seen in individuals over 45.
- Aggressive Periodontal Disease: Involves rapid loss of gum attachment and bone tissue, progressing faster than chronic periodontitis and often requiring surgical intervention.
- Periodontal Disease Related to Systemic Conditions: Can be a symptom of underlying diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, or respiratory disease, which can intensify and accelerate its progression.
- Necrotizing Periodontal Disease: A rapidly worsening form more prevalent in individuals with HIV, immunosuppression, or malnutrition, requiring consultation with a physician before treatment.
Treatment for periodontal disease varies depending on the type and severity but often includes scaling and root planing procedures, antimicrobial treatments, and sometimes surgical interventions like pocket reduction surgery or tissue grafts.
If you have any questions or concerns about periodontal disease and its treatments, it’s important to discuss them with your dentist.